Snake Tales From A Surveyor

An old surveyor and longtime reader of this space stopped by Saturday afternoon to shoot the breeze. A bit of a character, he’s always welcome.

He started right in on the Red Sox, especially Panda Bear, whom he calls “Fatso,” then said he’s more interested in the Patriots’ draft and even had the date memorized. Not bad for an octogenarian closing in a 90.

Then came the subject he most wanted to address.

“What the hell is wrong with those people wanting to stock rattlesnakes at the Quabbin? Do they need their heads examined?”

“Well, you’re not alone in that opinion,” was the response. “Truthfully, though, it probably won’t change things much. No one will likely ever know the difference.”
“That may be true, but it still makes no sense to me.”

Mind you, we’re talking about a man who has legitimate reasons for his feelings about poisonous snakes. In 40-some years as a land surveyor on jobs from northern Maine to Maryland, he had some close calls over the years. And he didn’t hesitate a millisecond to engage in eager conversation about his encounters with dangerous snakes as a member of crews cutting line with machetes, pounding hubs into the ground and running traverse and cross-section detail through mountainous wilderness plots spanning the Northeast from the early 1950s into the ’80s.

A South Deerfield native, he had heard childhood tales of poisonous snakes and where they lurked but had managed to avoid confrontation during a foot-free childhood that included many a trek up the two Sugarloafs. No, never a rattlesnake or copperhead sighting from his boyhood adventures. Not a one. Just cautionary adult tales planted in his consciousness to assure that he was always alert when exploring the hills and dales.

That all changed as an adult, when he went to work as a land surveyor, working on projects like the MassPike between Westfield to Russell, where snake-infested Mt. Tekoa loomed large to the north, or Lane’s Quarry along the West Springfield/Westfield border, and especially during extended work in the early 1960s laying out peripherals related to Camp David, the famous presidential retreat built 62 miles northwest of the White House in the 1930s and situated in the snake-infested Catoctin Mountain Park in rural western Maryland.

“We had to wear special high boots when we worked there,” he said, “and sightings of poisonous snakes were not rare. In fact, I recall a laborer getting bitten not far from me and getting very sick.

Of course, he also remembers the time he was working somewhere in western Massachusetts — for the life of him, he can’t recall where — when a trusted crew-member he always called “Old Fred” intervened in a memorable incident.

“I was walking along through the woods with Old Fred behind me and I unknowingly walked right past a snake I didn’t see,” he said. “Well, Old Fred — he had a hunter’s eye in the woods — touched me on the shoulder and said, pointing down with the tip of his machete, ‘Hey, look what you just walked right past — copperhead!’

“Sure enough, right there, a foot away from the point of his machete was a three-foot snake in an aggressive pose. You’re more apt to get bitten by a copperhead, you know, because they don’t warn you with a rattle. Old Fred took care of the problem. With the flick of his wrist, he cut that snake’s head off right there within five feet of me.”

Another time, having laid out an underground mountain communications chamber outside of Clear Springs, Md., blasting crews were hollowing out the bed rock with dynamite when they disturbed a thickly populated nest of rattlesnakes, blowing many living, squirming, angry rattlers atop a large, flat, warm bedrock shelf. The fellas were used to dealing with such problems, and their methods speak to the reason why Eastern timber rattlers are now an endangered species in these parts, where they were likely for years attacked with similar lethal fury.

“They doused the stone surface with gasoline and set the ledge aflame,” he said, “killing them all.”

You don’t have to wonder whether rattlers uncovered during similar construction projects here in the Pioneer Valley and elsewhere in New England were likewise burned from existence. It was undoubtedly done here before the snakes became protected by law.

“When we told the story to the guy who owned the place where we ate every night, he didn’t seem surprised,” said the surveyor. “Apparently, it was common practice. Plus, he told us a story about a wildfire up there up on that mountain, when people could hear the rattlesnakes rattling as they fled down the hill toward water.”

Who knows whether that’s fact or fiction? You be the judge.

Back closer to home in the Pioneer Valley, our aged surveyor source said he didn’t recall seeing a rattler, per se, when working on the MassPike project “around that bridge at Woronoco,” but he did remember being warned often to be wary of rattlers, then in early autumn finding the shed skin of a large rattlesnake in a cement drainage trench along the edge of the interstate. It served as a visual reminder of the potential dangers lurking around any sunny, stony corner, and, of course, gave the fellas the heebie-jeebies every time a twig snapped across the back of their legs or a dead prostrate branch two or three inches thick lay across a path they were clearing through brush.

Then there was the time not far away, our source remembered, when a worker at the aforementioned Lane Quarry went into the brush to answer Mother Nature’s call, come running out terrified, grabbed a long, heavy stick and came back out with a limp four-foot rattlesnake dangling from the end of it.

“In the field, we were always on the lookout in rocky, upland terrain, plus around stone walls, which snakes seem to like,” he said, “especially down in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Stonewalls were always a concern down there, but I would guess you’d find snakes in stonewalls here, too, if you went looking.”

One other place our surveyor friend remembers for its poisonous snakes was his brother-in-law’s secluded, wooded estate in the middle Hudson Valley Town of Kingston, N.Y. There, he said, copperheads were not an uncommon sight in the woods and probably still aren’t, be it along the dirt roads or even around the house, where one of his brother-in-law’s Irish setters was once bitten. When his brother-in-law asked him if he’d survey the perimeter of his property some weekend to mark the corners, he promised to do so, “but only around wintertime when the snakes were hibernating.”

As indisputable as it is today that local rattler and copperhead populations have diminished over the past 50 years, the fact is that they were here and were not at all uncommon in the not-so-distant past. Now, given the fact that the Pioneer Valley is indeed warming with the rest of the planet, how long before the return of the vipers with or without MassWildlife’s proposed reintroduction initiative at the Quabbin Reservation?

Who knows? Maybe rattlers will find their way to Mt. Zion on their own.

Quabbin Rattlers, Crown Point Cat

If you thought that rattlesnake controversy snuggly coiled around Mt. Zion, a secluded Quabbin Reservation island targeted for future viper stocking, had slithered off to some deep, stony crevice called Devil’s Den, think again. The dustup is alive and well, with many opinions on both sides of the issue.

Illuminating that fact are two unexpected, rapid fire letters with different spins that recently arrived the old-fashioned way, by USPS snail mail. Why they came now was a bit of a mystery. Not like the subject has been broached here of late, but apparently this space is still associated with a topic capable of producing heebie-jeebies in ophidiophobes, not to mention just plain residents and outdoors enthusiasts.

The first letter, sent by George L. Payzant of Turners Falls, arrived late last week. Enclosed was a Boston Globe Magazine article titled “Relax. Rattlesnakes Aren’t as Scary as You Think.” The piece was written by Ted Levin, author of the pending book “America’s Snake: The Rise and Fall of the Timber Rattlesnake,” scheduled for release in May. Levin’s article, and presumably his book, speaks to the rarity of the poisonous snakes and, even more so, people actually being bitten, never mind dying from rattlesnake bites.

The article basically works as a soothing assurance that MassWildlife’s plan to introduce endangered rattlesnakes to the isolated Quabbin island offers almost zero threat to residents of border towns and/or their abutters, not to mention faraway Pioneer Valley landscapes. Plus, according to Levin, there have been a grand total of two confirmed deaths from snakebites in Massachusetts, the last of which occurred in the 18th century.

Whether or not every record or death by snakebite found its way to Commonwealth town records over the past 400 years, it’s a safe bet that, given the paucity of official records, mortality was rare indeed. And that’s going back to colonial times, when New England rattlers were not uncommon, especially in the southern reaches. Plus, whether people know it or not, and no matter what wildlife officials say, there are already rattlesnakes living among us here in Franklin County and into Quabbin country. Woodsmen know what type of terrain to avoid, particularly talus slopes and high, stony, sunny habitats facing south and west, and are thus able to sidestep potential conflict.

It’s true that the rattlesnake population in these parts has diminished dramatically over the past hundred years due mostly to habitat destruction, highway deaths and wanton destruction of the creatures by folks who encounter and fear them. Although such lethal action is now illegal and punishable by a stiff fine or worse under strict endangered-species laws, you have to suspect that random rattlesnakes are killed upon discovery in places too close for comfort to backyard gardens or sun-drenched woodpiles.

Which brings us to the second letter that found its way here by mail, arriving on The Recorder sports desk over the weekend. The paste-on return address on the upper left-hand corner of the small white envelope read, “Robin L. Bestler” of Shelburne Falls.

Unlike author Levin, Mr. Bestler is obviously opposed to releasing potentially dangerous, poisonous vipers anywhere in the state, fearing the worst, which proponents adamantly claim is unlikely to happen. Yes, he begs to differ, which is more than acceptable in a free country where diverse opinion is said to be welcome. However, to make his case by comparison, Bestler cites the Burmese-Python problems in Florida’s tropical swamps. There, after years of pet owners buying these snakes and other large foreign jungle boa constrictors that grow quite large, become difficult to feed and contain, are thus released, and can grow to more than 20 feet in length, by which time they are capable of eating — gulp — wetland deer. It has become a serious Florida problem that promises only to get worse. Not only that, but the problem may start expanding into the Carolinas and north as the global climate continues to rise.

“I’d like to suggest that those in charge (of the rattlesnake re-introduction) research what’s happening with Burmese Pythons in Florida,” Bestler wrote. “Clearly the pythons are an invasive species that should not have been introduced there. Perhaps it is also true that unless rattlesnakes find their own way back here, they qualify as an invasive species as well.”

While Mr. Bestler’s opinion is understandable and likely shared by many snake-reintroduction foes, comparing native Timber Rattlers to exotic foreign imports like the large jungle snakes sold at mall pet stores near you doesn’t work. “Invasive species” are non-native plants, fish, wildlife and insects introduced into a place where they have no natural history. New England rattlesnakes do not fit that definition. They are native reptiles that have slithered to near extinction, remain here in much smaller numbers and will likely remain and rise in population as our climate continues to warm from worldwide overuse of fossil fuels.

Invasive, non-native species introduced to new habitats can indeed have dire effects on ecosystems. Rattlesnakes, not so. They already live here and lived here harmoniously in Northeastern habitats long before colonial Europeans emigrated to this continent.

Dangerous vipers? Yes, perhaps.

Invasive? Not quite.

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On another note, a couple of emails, one anonymous, arrived last week after trail-camera video of what appears to be a mountain lion, cougar, puma or catamount showed up in upper New York State, near Crown Point on Lake Champlain, and went Facebook viral.

The first email alert, the one from a known, identifiable source, came this way from South Deerfield native and former Recorder scribe Lou Hmieleski, executive editor of the Civil Service Employees Association in Albany, N.Y. Aware that this space had been in the forefront of publicizing New England cougar sightings, he sent it along with a note saying: “What do you think of this? Looks like New York (Dept. of Environmental Conservation) is taking this seriously.”

The online press release from the “Adirondack Almanack” drew about 100 comments — some of which suggested that, because the animal pictured is difficult to size without anything to compare it to, what appears to be a cougar and definitely is a cat walking through a sandy habitat is most likely a large, long-tailed, tawney house cat.”

Hmmmmm? Haven’t we head that assessment before?

Although not impossible, it appears unlikely. For those interested is assessing the film, keyword search “Crown Point cougar” and take a gander for yourself. If so inclined, you can even add to the growing list of comments.

Trout-Stocking, Turkeys And A Little Clarification

It’s spring, signs everywhere.

Trout-stocking trucks from the Connecticut Valley and Western Wildlife districts are rolling through Recorder country, depositing fresh, lively, colorful brookies, browns and rainbows from Pioneer Valley hatcheries at Montague, Sunderland, Palmer and Belchertown. No word on this week’s schedule, but ponds like Cranberry in Sunderland and Puffers in North Amherst have already been visited by Valley District trucks at least once thus far. Meanwhile, the Western District has thrown caution to the wind and stocked the upper Deerfield River from Florida to Buckland for Mohawk Trail anglers.

The upper Deerfield usually gets stocked before the lower because, once a fish is placed in the lower river below Station No. 2, just above Bardwell’s Ferry connecting Conway and Shelburne, there’s nothing to stop them from being washed into the Connecticut River and out of play for Deerfield River anglers. Of course, that’s the bad news. The good news is that many trout seeking refuge from spring high-water events also find their way into popular fishing tributaries like the Bear and South Rivers and Dragon and Hawks brooks, where they can thrive and offer wooded pursuits for hip-booted stream fishermen or, then again, find their way back into the Deerfield once the water settles down.

So, don’t assume that spring flooding always removes stocked trout from the lower Deerfield. That’s a myth. Once acclimated, stocked trout can find refuge and remain available in the river system throughout the fishing season by moving in and out of the better tributaries. And don’t think you can just forget about these fish even if thy do wind up in the Connecticut, where they never stay long. Those fish stay in play by finding their way into tributaries, some of them small “unstocked” brooks feeding the Connecticut, such as boyhood South Deerfield streams like Clapp and Sugarloaf brooks, longtime secret little gems to which big trout can find their way. Particularly enticing for anglers are the wide, deeply-incised outflows, which dig back into riverside terrain from the Connecticut riverbank.

Expect stocking crews to stick to their longtime pattern of hitting the lakes and ponds first, soon after ice-out, then the smaller upland brooks, and finally the larger streams, such as Fall and Sawmill rivers, and major rivers like the Deerfield, Millers, Green and North. The spring-stocking schedule always ends Memorial Day Weekend, after which hatchery managers assess their inventory for the potential of one additional bonus stocking of surplus trout, which sometimes includes brood-stock lunkers for the grand finale.

Meanwhile, on the wild turkey front, our state game bird of the first Plymouth Colony Thanksgiving feast many centuries ago had a splendid mild winter with lots of food on the ground for the taking due to minimal snow-cover and plentiful hard and soft fall mast crops. A credentialed hilltown spotter reported just Tuesday that large flocks of turkeys congregated and stayed in the hardwoods over the winter, taking a mix of bountiful nuts and berries from the forest floor. This natural, nutritious food kept the birds healthy, and the shallow snow eliminated the threat of deep, powdery snow mortality that occurs when the big birds fly down and get mired. Either that or, knowing what awaits them in the deep, fluffy snow, wise old birds of both sexes have been known to remain in the roost too long, weakening quickly in the cold due to lack of food, and perish. There should have been none of that this winter, and spring hunters will be the beneficiaries, with many big, mature toms in full strut for the taking by veteran hunters who know what they’re doing.

It seems that anthropologist/archaeologist Dr. Peter A. Thomas received undeserved credit here last week for work performed at what was referred to as WMECO/West Springfield. Thomas said he had no knowledge of any such project and definitely had no hand in it if it was conducted. This space was told long ago by a trusted source that, thankfully, Dr. Thomas had led an archaeological salvage project at a deep-history construction site facing obliteration around the old 17th-century Pynchon Plantation of Agawam. Well, last week’s mention here was the first Thomas had heard of that supposed salvage project. Oh well. It would have been easy to double-checked with him before publishing it as one of his Pioneer Valley accomplishments. Dr. Thomas needs no embellishments for an already impressive list of accomplishments.

Roger “Hezekiah” Ward of Buckland chimed in last week on the Quabbin rattlesnake-stocking controversy:
“I have seen snakes traverse water at speeds probably faster than they could travel on land. If I was the one who had to make the decision about the Quabbin island, I would say no in the interest of public safety.”
Not through, he then offered this little tidbit:
“Some time ago, around Nov. 1, 1966, I took the forest-fire power wagon from Mohawk State Forest to a fire in the town of Leverett, where we fought a fire on a mountain that was called Rattlesnake something or other. I can’t remember the exact name but believe it was listed as Rattlesnake something on the topo maps as well. Later, when talking with Leverett natives, everybody was familiar with the rattlesnake name. Perhaps there’s an old-timer who could help you, but if LEVERETT IS ANYTHING LIKE BUCKLAND, old-time natives are an endangered species.”
Well, Heze, no need for an old-timer on this one. I’d bet my Sweet 16 side-by-side you’re referring to Rattlesnake Gutter, an area of Leverett passed through by the Sawmill River and Rattlesnake Gutter Road.

A New Salmon Twist To Stir The Imagination

Call it a new twist to a crusty old topic: history of Connecticut River Atlantic salmon … approached from a roundabout route.

It starts noontime Friday in South Deerfield, high, bright sun illuminating a large, round, wooden kitchen table and lending warmth to the conversation. Two of us were seated comfortably, discussing new thoughts about ancient trails while looking out diagonally across North Main Street at the closed St. James Roman Catholic Church and its glittering gilt dome, not a half-mile down the road from the Bloody Brook Monument. How appropriate, as we tried to connect the dots from information gathered in Historic Deerfield’s recently acquired Hoyt journals, which devote a lot of space detailing early 19th-century South Deerfield, the path walked by colonial soldiers known as the “Flower of Essex” killed that fateful day of Sept. 18, 1675, and the location of their graves and maybe even those of the Indians who died.

Who better to engage in such discussion about 17th-century trails and pathways than anthropologist/archaeologist Dr. Peter A. Thomas — dean of Pioneer Valley contact-period scholars with deep knowledge about Pioneer Valley founders like father-and-son entrepreneurs William and John Pynchon and trusted underlings Joseph Parsons and David Wilton. All four men were prominent indeed in opening our valley’s first wilderness settlements while attempting to monopolize the fur trade from the natal Pynchon depot of Agawam, which became Springfield?

Having scoured the primary records for decades to hone the public record’s sharpest interpretations, Dr. Thomas — author of the highly respected and often footnoted “In the Maelstrom of Change: The Indian River Trade and Cultural Process in the Middle Connecticut Valley, 1635-65,” his 1990 UMass doctoral dissertation — may understand the early players and their motives better than anyone. But also peerless is his vast knowledge of the so-called “River Indians” with whom our earliest English merchants and their agents cut deals to control the lucrative, untapped Connecticut Valley fur trade. Among Thomas’ archaeological excavations are important sites like Riverside/Gill, Fort Hill/Hinsdale, N.H., Wills Hill/Montague and the WMECO Site in West Springfield — all treasure troves of indigenous Pioneer Valley prehistory.

What a stroke of good fortune for local historians that family responsibilities pulled Thomas temporarily back to his boyhood home right in the midst of the ongoing National Parks Service Battlefield Protection Program grant given to Montague, where a research team is now focused on reconstructing the famous Falls Fight of May 19, 1676, a turning point in King Philip’s War. The study promises to apply for and receive additional future grants that could reconstruct not only the Falls Fight but the entire Connecticut Valley campaign, beginning in August 1675 and continuing until briefly after the Falls Fight led by infamous Capt. William Turner. A better human resource than Thomas at a more opportune time could not have been delivered from heaven’s golden gates.

It was during a brief pause in our Friday discussion aimed at retracing the most-traveled 17th-century trail between Hatfield and Deerfield that Thomas — the archaeologist who discovered archaeological remains of shad, bullhead and other fish, but not salmon, while overseeing three 1970s Riverside digs — abruptly changed the subject to something that has appeared many times in this space over the past 25 years.

“Oh, before I forget,” he interjected, “I wanted to tell you that I was reading what you wrote about Catherine Carlson’s dissertation citing the absence of salmon remains at dozens of New England archaeological sites known to be used for pre-contact fishing and had a thought you may want to ponder. Suppose salmon were sacred to Indians, and for that reason they did not bury their remains but instead threw them back into the water. I’m not saying it happened, just throwing it out there as a possibility, because had they thrown the remains back into the water, archaeological evidence would be rare.”

Thomas was comfortable with the speculation because he was familiar with similar Northeastern indigenous practices regarding disposal of beaver bones as well as a spiritual practice of propping in trees the skulls of sacred black bears killed for food and hides commonly used as blankets in winter wigwams. It could have been that the bones of Atlantic salmon were treated with similar respect and dignity in New England prehistory.

So, there you have it. Chalk it up as a little more food for thought pertaining to a question that may never be satisfactorily answered. Thomas’ hypothesis can’t be ignored or dismissed when trying to solve the mystery of why salmon remains are nearly nonexistent at known prehistoric indigenous New England fishing sites. We know salmon were here during colonial times and remained here until after the first Connecticut River dams were constructed (at South Hadley Falls, then Turners Falls) just prior to the turn of the 19th century. It is also clear they existed here before that.

Anadromous-fisheries historians have estimated annual Connecticut River Basin salmon runs of up to 50,000, possibly even more during the best years of the Little Ice Age (1500-1850), when they were a tasty bonus among netfuls of American shad pulled ashore for riverside filleting and processing chores on sun- and wind-splashed drying racks. If so, where are the bones? Where are the scales? They’re mysteries that may never be solved.

Still, it never hurts to ponder such questions, offer potential answers and float additional ideas.

Thomas did just that on Friday to set the wheels of curiosity spinning.

Deer-Discussion Leftovers

Think of them as tasty leftovers from a recent meandering phone conversation with state Deer Project Leader David Stainbrook about the 2015 preliminary deer harvest. Nothing big. Just a few interesting observations about deer behavior gleaned and stored for future reference after delving into a peripheral discussion about a Penn State deer-collaring research project Stainbrook led a grad student.

An indelible lesson learned was that even when researchers knew deer were very near, the stoic hoofed critters were nearly invisible and impossible to find bedded in brushy undergrowth. Although Stainbrook didn’t attempt to quantify what percentage stayed put and what percentage fled, or the buck-to-doe ratio of those that stayed, he came away from his project amazed once again by the uncanny ability of deer to blend into their habitat, not to mention their bold nerve to ride out close encounters by remaining still and smartly alert while allowing human intruders to pass by. Just a long honed survival skill.

Stainbrook said some bucks were gone well before anyone could get close, but they quickly returned to the vacated area anywhere from 30 minutes to a few hours later. The rest hung tight, hidden, and let the researchers pass right by.

“Deer blend in so well when still; they were amazingly tough to see, even when we knew they were right there with big black collars on their neck,” Stainbrook said in a discussion spinning off local hunters’ perception that our local deer herd is shrinking, contrary to MassWildlife claims. “It did not appear to be based on individual deer — e.g., skittish deer versus deer that stay put — but rather on other factors like weather conditions. It depended on how noisy we were and how well they could sneak out unheard and unseen, but also how close we got to them, and how noisy we were.

“One interesting thing I learned by investigating bedding sites from some of the mature bucks was that they selected sites that were nearly impossible to sneak up on without them seeing or smelling you. That is likely why they lived to adult age and why we hunters have such a tough time meeting up with mature bucks that show up on our trail cameras.”

So chalk up this tidbit of information as just a little food for thought for hunters who have likely walked right past many a wise, wary, confidently bedded trophy buck that chose to hide rather than run. More often than not, the strategy works in the deer’s favor, especially during coordinated drives involving many hunters working in unison with walkie-talkies.
Then again, how many times have you heard successful hunters tell their tales of shooting monster, wall-mounted bucks that they discovered curled up at the base of a gnarly hemlock tree in a damp, dark swamp during a windy, driving rainstorm, or, then again, standing motionless behind a clump of smallish trees that make them practically invisible.

It’s why experts implore deer hunters to move slowly, make little noise and always diligently scan the area through which you’re passing with optimal care and focus. Sometimes the only detectable clue of a deer’s presence is a slight flick of an ear or slow head movement. And even then, a hunter must be efficient to quickly shoulder a gun and hit his or her mark before the deer springs up and is, in a flash, gone.

Free-loving free swimmers

Remember when America screamed foul after “Al Jazeera America” broke the Peyton Manning Human Growth Hormone bombshell deemed unreliable because of the Arab source? Well, no one seems to be questioning the recent story from the same news service about three Atlantic salmon redds discovered last fall in Connecticut.

Hmmmm?

Imagine that.

Peyton Manning? No, no, no. Not a credible source. But endangered Atlantic salmon? Uhm? Well, OK, maybe we can accept it. Is that the thinking?

Anyway, here’s the story, which was not broken by the much-maligned and distrusted Arab source, but was indeed picked up by it after being previously reported elsewhere, particularly in Connecticut. And, yes, it was worth the ink. An interesting tale indeed, considering that just three years earlier the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service had given up on an ambitious 50-year program to re-establish a viable salmon sportfishing population in the Connecticut River and its tributaries, including many local streams popular among anglers. To name some, starting with the larger ones, we’re talking about the Chicopee, Westfield, Deerfield, Milllers, North and West rivers, all located between southern Vermont and Hampden County. But don’t neglect other smaller streams, such as Mill River in Northampton and Williamsburg, Sawmill River in Montague, Leverett and Shutesbury, and even Fall River, which flows into the Connecticut just below the Turners Falls dam. All of the aforementioned waters would have attracted migratory salmon back in the day before dams and industry and global warming, when it is estimated by optimists that as many as 50,000 salmon migrated upriver on a good year, say during the colonial period of the 17th and early 18th centuries.

So, yes, despite the discontinuation of an altruistic and expensive Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Restoration Program that lasted from the Sixties through 2012, the salmon continue to dribble annually through our valley in small numbers. In fact, there hasn’t been a year since the program’s demise that an insignificant number of salmon (10 or less) have used available fish passageways to pass the Turners Falls dam and gain access to potential fall spawning grounds along the upper reaches of New England’s longest river.

Of course, there are also potentially viable breeding streams south of us in Connecticut, where salmon are known to have historically spawned. Two of the most likely are the Farmington and Salmon rivers, with their headwaters reaching back into the northwestern corner of the state. And, how about that, just this past fall, officials observed five adult salmon passing the fish passageway on the lower Farmington’s Rainbow Dam on their way to suitable upriver spawning grounds. When officials later went looking for these fish, they found three redds full of eggs that have since been promoted as the first of their kind on that river in more than 200 years, back to Revolutionary times.

It is likely that some of the salmon that have in recent years passed Turners Falls or swam up the Deerfield River before reaching the Powertown also built redds that ultimately held eggs and were not discovered. These hidden lairs were likely just not found or possibly were found by state and/or federal biologists who kept secret the location of such important nest sites in a wild environment. Because, remember, 10 percent of the salmon captured at various passage facilities along the river system were equipped with radio tags that allowed them to be tracked in their wild environs. The rest of the adult fish were held in captivity at the Cronin National Salmon Station in Sunderland, where they were nursed to optimal health for controlled, artificial spawning. These captives had their eggs and milt removed by station personnel and carefully packed for the trip north to White River National Hatchery in Bethel, Vt., where the reproductive materials were mixed to produce Connecticut River-strain progeny for future stocking into small nursery streams in the Connecticut River watershed. Many of those target streams were found right here in Franklin County.

Millions of the tiny, hatchery-raised immature fry and smolts were stocking into the river system in an attempt to produce migrants that would mature in local freshwater streams, travel to the Atlantic Ocean to grow to adulthood and return to their natal streams to spawn. The returnee numbers were disastrous, thus the program’s demise.

So now how about a little food for mischievous thought? Given what happened in Connecticut’s Farmington River last fall — and what likely will continue to occur as long as a few spring stragglers continue to return to the Connecticut River basin in subsequent springs — who’s to say we’re not going to have annual wild spawning? Not only that, but do you suppose that, had the restoration program decided from the start to allow most of the returning adults to do their own thing and spawn undisturbed, the program could have realized better success?

That’s a question to which we’ll probably never know the answer. But it’s always a possibility that a wild specimen of Atlantic salmon status could well reproduce much better in secluded river privacy than in a human-controlled environment where they’re being fed pharmaceuticals while contained in concrete tanks that feel more like prison than a Waldorf Astoria honeymoon suite.

Leftover Feedback

Time to clean out the desktop pile of gathered snail-mail and email printouts, all containing interesting comments from readers who reacted to topics covered here recently, particularly Quabbin rattlesnakes, which created quite a stir, plus analysis pertaining to the recent preliminary Massachusetts deer harvest.

It gets better. We’ll also take a look at comments from a man who, after reading about the rattlesnakes, wanted to report numerous highway moose sightings that have crossed his path while passing through Quabbin Country. Then, last but not least, comments from an amusing letter to the editor from “The Pied Piper of Quabbin,” who didn’t make it to print because of the unacceptable pseudonym. We’ll let that slide here.

All of the comments have from the start been worth sharing. Yet, till now, there’s been no way to work them into previous narratives. So, here we go with a plateful of feedback leftovers from four readers.

– – –

Let’s start with Kathy-Ann Becker of Wendell, acclaimed author of the 2013 novel “Silencing The Women: The Witch Trials of Mary Bliss Parsons,” the 17th-century Northampton wife of William Pynchon’s fur-trader extraordinaire Joseph Parsons, from whom we both descend.

Though we have in the past discussed our genealogical profiles, this latest string of emails pertained to an early Pioneer Valley rattlesnake incident she learned of while scouring primary records to glean helpful information for her novel.

She prefaced her little tidbit of 17th-century history folklore with, “Here is written testimony (misspellings unchanged) from the case of Mary Bliss Parsons that pertains to rattlesnakes,” dated Aug. 18, 1656, testified on oath before William Houlton and Thomas Bascum:

“George Alexander, Samuel Adams and Goody Webb testifieth that they were present when the ox of William Hannum was stung with the rattle snake and they did notice nothing but what might come to pass in an ordinary way that thy killed the rattle snake.”

Then, in further under-oath testimony before Elizur Holyoke, Hannum recalled, “… going to Windsor (Conn.) with my oxen and cart and about 4 mile from our town (Northampton) as I was going whether my ox hung out his tongue or whether he went to eat for it fell out that a wrattle snake bitt him on the tongue and there he died. These things doe sometimes run in my mind that I cannot have my mind from this (Parsons) Woman that if she be not right this way she may bee the cause of these things, though I desire to look at over the rulinge hand of God on all.”

Four miles south of Northampton would have placed this unfortunate 17th-century incident at a location known to this day as a rattlesnake lair — the area surrounding Mt. Tom.

– – –
Moving from vipers to large quadripeds — namely moose — this little gem from daily Orange-to-Springfield commuter Mark LaBier, to whom moose sightings along Route 202 have become common:
“I have been driving to Springfield for 20 years and have seen hundreds of moose, usually mothers and little ones. Today, traveling south through Pelham, there were two huge bulls, one in the left lane, one in the right lane, first time ever I was scared of hitting them. Is this normal?

Hmmmm? Not sure how to answer that question.

“Also, if there is any (future) talk of (mountain lions), I have seen one chasing a coyote in Orange right by the Mattawa exit, and I have seen so many different animals and birds of prey that it makes the drive awesome.”

– – –

Next up, responding to last week’s column about the preliminary 2015 deer harvest and unconfirmed suspicion by hunters that the deer population took a serious hit due to winter mortality last year. Questioned about that possibility last week, state Deer Project Leader David Stainbrook said MassWildlife looked into it but its investigation bore no fruit.

Well, get a load of this information from reader Jason MacLean, who wrote:

“I started hunting Zone 11 about three years ago, and once I finished graduate school started hunting more seriously. Scouting this past summer for the upcoming fall season, my buddy and I found 11 winter/coyote kills (it’s tough to tell the difference). My friend shot a deer this year during archery season and by the time he climbed down from his tree stand, a coyote was already chewing on the deer’s leg. Bold, huh?”

Yes. Bold indeed. Not surprising, though. Similar tales have been circulating for years among deer hunters beaten to mortally wounded deer by a coyote or coyotes.
MacLean wasn’t through. He also had this suggestion:

“We’re doing our best to hunt coyotes so more fawns survive to adulthood but we can hunt only Saturdays due to our work schedules,” he complained. “It would be awesome if MA was like RI, and coyote hunting was year round on private property with Sunday hunting permitted.”

Just a little food for thought.

– – –

Last but not least, back to snakes and The Pied Piper of Quabbin, who I hesitate to call a conspiracy theorist but can’t be far off.

Responding to the column titled “Rattler flap,” first mention here of MassWildlife’s proposal to stock endangered Timber Rattlers on a Quabbin island, the ole self-described Pied Piper harkens back to the 1930’s when, soon after wiping four rural towns from the face of the earth to supply clear, cold water for thirsty Boston, which had polluted its own, it was discovered that filling the large reservoir had sent rats scurrying to the uplands and out of harm’s way. To take care of this rat problem at farms and homes along the reservation’s periphery, the state apparently thought rattlesnakes would be a tidy solution. Well, according to The Pied Piper, the plan was indeed carried out under the assumption that the snakes would reduce the rat problem in a hurry then die off over winter, which didn’t go as planned.

According to The Piper, “Some of them … survived in pockets that are all (not coincidentally) adjacent to/near the Quabbin.”

But he wasn’t done yet. Uh-ah. He next decided to jump into the global-warming/climate-change debate as it relates to rattlesnakes and other wildlife.

“Now, if you make a scientifically based assumption that the climate of this area of New England, just like ‘global climate,’ is constantly cycling between warmer/cooler, and has been for all geologic time, you will realize that certain animal populations go up and down naturally, along with the temperature cycles and related factors, such as predator-prey cycles.

“Recently, MassWildlife declared a problem (extinction) and wants to solve it by introducing rattlesnakes to a Quabbin island to ‘protect and enhance endangered species in the name of conservation.’”

“Haha … back in the 1930s, they just wanted to get rid of rats. … Quite a commentary on how far societal ‘values’ have drifted from practical reality.

“I wonder if there are any rats on that Quabbin island — or anything else rattlers eat? And once the rattlers eat their fill, what’s next? Weekly speedboat CARE packages of snake food — at taxpayers’ expense?”

There’s more, but any idiot can see where it’s going.

Yes, that Quabbin-rattlers story is a tale that just keeps on giving. The folks who proposed it should have known it would get a little wild. It has. Not over yet.

Harvest Time

The preliminary 2015 Massachusetts deer harvest of 9,910, released late last week by MassWildlife, was mediocre compared to recent harvests but not surprising from a western Massachusetts perspective.

Gone are the days when Franklin County woods most favorable to deer hunting were patrolled annually by eastern Massachusetts visitors hunting where their chance of success was greatest. Who would have ever dreamed that just the opposite would occur a generation or two down the road? Yes, that’s right, western Mass. meat hunters are now traveling to the eastern half of the state to supply venison for their freezers, be it during archery, shotgun, primitive-firearm or all of the above seasons. Why? Very simple. With higher deer densities confined in smaller patches of woods, the EMass success rates are far higher. Not only that, but in some deer-management zones, hunters can obtain multiple antlerless deer permits, and bowhunters have the luxury of setting up on deer that live along the edge of residential neighborhoods and are thus more accustomed to and less wary of human scent.

What it all adds up to is EMass numbers like those released last week. Although preliminary, the 70/30-percent harvest breakdown moving from the eastern to western halves of the state doesn’t figure to change much when state Deer Project Leader David Stainbrook releases his final report in the coming days That’s just the way it is nowadays, and the way it has been for at least 20 years. And don’t expect the current formula to change anytime soon. Not when the deer-management team intentionally manipulates its most effective deer-management tool — antlerless permits — to encourage hunting pressure eastward. That way, they can reduce suburban highway carnage where deer populations are densest while simultaneously building WMass numbers by drawing away hunters. Another factor in favor of reducing EMass deer densities is Lyme Disease, which is carried by deer ticks that can create serious health risks. Yes indeed, people living in suburban deer country have arrived at the point by now where they’ve developed tick and Lyme Disease phobia. Particularly vulnerable are children playing outside, and that doesn’t even address expensive Lyme Disease issues pertaining to dogs and other household pets as well as some livestock, especially horses.

As for the preliminary numbers, the eight Deer Management Zones in the western half of the state (Zones 1 through 7, with Zone 4 split into north and south) produced a total of 2757 kills during the archery (920), shotgun (1,347) and primitive-firearm (490) seasons. That represents a meager 30 percent of the statewide kill. Western hunters produced 22 percent of the archery harvest, compared to 33 percent of the shotgun and 31 percent of the primitive-firearm harvests. The eastern half of the state (Zones 8 through 14) registered 6,950 kills, which represents 70 percent of the statewide tally.

A harvest in the five zones west of the Connecticut River (Zones 1-4N/S) was 1,829, while the three zones bordered by the eastern bank of the river (Zones 5 through 7) produced 1,131 kills.

The state’s top harvests came from Zones 11 (2,141), 10 (1,920), and 9 (883). Combined, those three represent half of the statewide kill. Zone 11 is located in southeastern Massachusetts, mostly Bristol and Plymouth counties, Zone 10 is located in northeastern Massachusetts, all of Essex and some of Middlesex and Norfolk counties, and Zone 9 ventures into Worcester, Middlesex and Norfolk counties. So, in a general sense, the majority of our deer are now being killed in an area bordered on the west by Worcester and Leominster, on the northeast by the North Shore and in the southeast by Fall River and Plymouth … not by any stretch traditional deer country unless you want to go back to colonial times.

Franklin County hunters bemoaned the abundant hard and soft mast that made it nearly impossible to pattern deer last fall. And even when the fellas did “get into deer,” they had to kill them on the spot or expect their prey to vanish into a plethora of adjacent feeding areas where they weren’t pressured. Once those deer found a place to hunker down and feed, they’d stay when hunter pressure didn’t follow. And even when hunters did discover their new hideouts, they’d easily find another out of harm’s way.

In recent years, Stainbrook’s deer-management team has been trying to reduce deer densities in eastern Zones 10 through 14, stabilize them in central Zones 7 through 9, and increase them in Zones 1 through 6. In 2010, when the western Zones 2 through 7 had estimated deer densities of 12 to 15 per square mile, the management team wanted to up levels to 15 to 18. Last year, Stainbrook decided “to make the goals a more realistic 12 to 18 deer per square mile,” with some areas obviously holding more than others.

“It’s tough to gauge deer population in a place like Zone 4 North when I’m getting conflicting calls telling me there are too many deer in one area while people nearby are asking where all their deer went,” Stainbrook said. “We’re working on increasing populations out there but are up against it in old- and medium-growth forest,” where deer populations stay flat at best. Deer numbers grow quicker in areas where responsible logging is regularly occurring, leaving in its wake thick hardwood-regeneration-phase plots rich in winter browse.

“You can’t beat browse like sugar-maple saplings that sprout up after someone’s maple orchard is thinned out,” Stainbrook said. “We encourage landowners to keep their woodlots healthy and vibrant through forest-management plans that promote wildlife and healthy ecosystems.”

Many local hunters groused this past season about winter-kill and coyote predation as two major factors leading to a perceived reduced deer herd from 2014. Well, Stainbrook paid heed and did explore that speculative assessment by encouraging MassWildlife’s Connecticut Valley Wildlife District staff to investigate any reported deer carcasses. The problem is that wildlife biologists found no evidence of high winter mortality by starvation or predation during the difficult winter of 2014-15.

Another factor contributing to local hunters’ lack of success during the most recent deer season can be attributed to an ever-shrinking hunter pool in Franklin County woods that were once inundated with enthusiastic hunters moving deer throughout the day and improving everyone’s chance of seeing and/or killing them. Now, during a warm snowless season like the most recent, an ever-diminishing hunter pool can really be up against it to fill deer tags in habitats chock full of acorns, apples, grapes and you name it.

Potentially, an entirely different, more favorable scenario will unfold for deer hunters next fall. At least that’s what the folks most frustrated this past year are hoping.

Fact is, you never know. That’s a challenge sportsmen welcome, and can come away victorious with due diligence.

– – –

Longtime North Orange reader Micheal Moore (no, not that Michael Moore) chimed in with an interesting local rattlesnake tidbit related to the mention here of a controversial MassWildlife proposal to stock Timber Rattlers on a secluded Quabbin Reservoir island.

Moore recalls “reading in your (news)paper or the Brattleboro Reformer about a forest fire in West Brattleboro in 1958 or 1959, when thousands of Timber Rattlesnakes poured out of the ledges and spooked firemen. At this time, they were pretty sure they’d eradicated them from most of Vermont, so everyone was shocked. The point I took from the incident was that even though the woods were apparently full of them, no one seemed to see them, was bitten by them or had their dogs bitten.

“You suspect firemen from southern Vermont, Massachusetts and New Hampshire must have hunted, fished or hiked those woods, and some of them probably even lived in the woods. Still, never a reported snakebite. I’ve since tried to find the article to no avail. Otherwise I’d forward it, but I’m thinking you’re likely handier than me at news research, so it might be something you could come up with.”

So far, after cursory Internet searches using various keyword combinations, no further information on the reported Brattleboro wildfire snakes. If anyone has recollection or documentation, please do respond to the email address listed below.

Meanwhile, in conversation with Recorder administrative assistant Diane Poirier Tuesday afternoon about the possibility of uncovering an old Recorder clipping about the snake-infested Brattleboro inferno, she immediately recognized the eerie tale learned as a child from her mother, a Gill native.

“Oh yeah, I remember that story,” she said with a little shiver. “It used to give us the heebie-jeebies.”

Hmmmm?

Further research necessary. Hopefully, it’ll bear succulent, salubrious fruit.

Rattlers Revisited

The deluge of timber rattlesnake comments continues following two weeks of discussion here about the state’s plan to establish a population of the venomous snakes on Mt. Zion, the large, isolated Quabbin Reservoir island and no-man’s land that’s off limits to humans.

MassWildlife’s justification for the proposal is that no reptile is slipping faster toward extinction than the timber rattler, and thus it’s high time to reverse that troubling trend. That said, state officials and proponents can’t with a straight face pretend they didn’t expect some sort of clamor once their plan leaked out. Yes, one had to presume the inevitability that a public largely unaware that it has always lived with rattlesnakes (and poisonous copperheads, for that matter) without ever having seen one was bound to react hysterically when apprised of the plan. And, yes, the public knee-jerk reaction was indeed negative. Oh what a stir it created. Poisonous snakes can do that to people, especially card-carrying ophidiaphobes, of which there are many. But let’s be honest. Fair or not, is there a more predictable target of public scorn than government agencies and their humble public servants? So let’s not act surprised by the unfavorable, accusatory buzz, particularly that emanating from the North Quabbin Region.

Put on your thinking caps and consider this: Given the fact that, no matter what the state says, there are already rattlesnakes top to bottom in the Pioneer Valley’s hills and dales, wasn’t it only a matter of time in these days of global warming and reforestation before rattlesnakes started coming back like bears and moose and many other formerly displaced wildlife species before them? Well, maybe not, considering the state disclosure that this endangered reptile is in serious peril due to road-kill and human contact. But it still makes sense that a warming climate would eventually open the possibility for more rattlers and copperheads, which have always been more prolific in warmer southern climes than here.

Anyway, most of the feedback this space has fielded was aimed at its own speculation that, despite claims that the last places of refuge for rattlers in the Bay State are located in Hampden and Hampshire counties and the Blue Hills area south of Boston, they are here, too, if you know where to search. Problem is that fewer and fewer folks are patrolling remote, difficult woods, particularly high, ledgy spines with snake-inviting talus slopes, shale beds and leg-breaking rock slides. It’s not the kind of terrain hikers gravitate to for summer frolic, in many cases because savvy upland explorers know that’s precisely where you’re most apt to encounter potentially dangerous serpents from the evil underworld.

Enough!

Now for a quick look at the more interesting feedback to cross this desk in the past week:

• The most detailed correspondence came by email late last Thursday night from a Colrain man. He wanted to tell a tale that unfolded before his very eyes “five or six years ago” while walking his two unrestrained dogs along the ridge-top trail following the Pocumtuck Ridge overlooking Wapping and Old Deerfield, south of the Eaglebrook School ski slopes. Yes, it was up there that he spotted something halfway onto the trail in front of him which caught his attention and turned out to be “the biggest snake I had ever seen in the wild,” estimated at “three or four feet long and very thick.” Because his dogs had already passed the viper without incident, the intrigued hiker decided to investigate closer, which may or may not be legal when dealing with an endangered species.

“It was elongated, motionless and brown,” he wrote. “In the back of my mind I wondered if maybe it was a rattler because I had heard of sightings on the Holyoke and Mt. Tom ranges. Like an idiot, I picked up a very long branch … and slowly extended it toward the snake, which promptly snapped into a tight coil with the tail rattling away at the center.”

He thought about reporting his sighting to MassWildlife but never got around to it because he figured it wasn’t all that rare.

• Earlier last Thursday, around 9 a.m., the home phone rang and it was a familiar Greenfield man who made it clear that he wanted to remain anonymous. An avid hiker who’s no stranger to upland terrain where rattlers are most apt to lurk, he himself has never encountered one but assumes he’s unknowingly passed many in his travels. He cited hiking trails on Mount Toby and Northfield Mountain as his two most likely haunts to contain rattlers, but was more interested in recounting the tales told many times by his mother, who grew up adjacent to what is today Greenfield’s Cherry Rum Plaza when it was undeveloped, wooded, swampy terrain during her childhood. She was fond of telling her sons of the rattlesnakes killed by neighborhood boys near a well-known den along the southern edge of White Ash Swamp. This den was associated with an outcropping of ledge overlooking Cherry Rum Brook. So, take it to the bank that even today, 70 years later, if someone seriously searched for rattlers along the ridgeline overlooking the Connecticut River, exploring also the steep, stony, eastern and/or western slopes of Rocky Mountain all the way from Canada Hill to Bears Den overlooking Bingville, there’s a good chance you could find a rattler.

• That bold prediction focused in Greenfield gains credence when you consider additional feedback that arrived last week about a mountain north of the state border, across the Connecticut River from Brattleboro, Vt., named here last week (Mt. Wantastiquet) as the 1961 site where a power-company laborer had killed a rattler displayed in Adams Donuts’ parking lot. Considering what correspondent Wendy Gaida reported about that site, it’s more than likely that rattlers still exist there. Ms. Gaida responded to last week’s column to report that she grew up in North Hinsdale, N.H., at the base of that mountain whose Indian name she had never heard until she was an adult. No, the only name she knew for Wantastiquet was the vernacular “Rattlesnake Mountain,” where her family forbade summer play due to rattlesnake fears.

“We were told there were thousands of rattlesnakes up there,” she recalled. “Everyone talked about it, including my grandparents, who also lived in North Hinsdale. They summered dry cows up there but never allow us on the mountain except in the winter.”

• The final feedback arrived from none other than a brother-in-law nestled into faraway idyllic retirement on a gentleman’s farm in Waldo County, Maine. Spurred by mention here last week of the ballad “On Springfield Mountain,” about a young Wilbraham man killed by a rattlesnake in 1761, he had a tale to tell from his childhood on Somers (Conn.) Mountain, a stone’s throw from the Springfield Mt. of Woody Guthrie ballad fame. He recalled capturing a snake and placing it in a grass-filled pickle jar as a curious 5- or 6-year-old Somers lad. That snake became part of the family, transmitting absolutely no bad vibes until neighbor Chan Hubble stopped by on his way through and the young lad decided he may want to see his captured pet, which he fetched and brought just outside the hilltop home’s front door.

“There, to my astonishment, upon looking into the jar, old Chan went absolutely wild, immediately screaming, ‘Copperhead!’ and dumping my little snake out on the ground in front of my mother and me. Once the snake was out, Mr. Hubble leaped unexpectedly into the air time and again — each time crashing down with his heavy boots on my precious little snake and bellowing, ‘Copperhead!’
“To this day, I have no idea what type of snake that was. And, of course, once old Chan was done dancing, which lasted the better part of a minute, a forensic scientist would have had trouble determining that the mass on the ground was a snake, never mind what type of snake it was.”

Oh yes, snakes sure can bring out the worst fears in a man, especially a committed ophidiophobe, which ole Chan Hubble may very well have been.

That young boy, now a trusted brother-in-law and devoted naturalist, got a close look at the reaction one can expect when such fears kick into high gear.

You can’t make it up.

Rattler Feedback

Lots of feedback here and there about last week’s column confirming a MassWildlife proposal to establish a population of endangered Timber Rattlesnakes on a secluded, unspecified Quabbin Reservoir island since dubbed “Rattlesnake Island” by the Boston Globe.

“What are they, nuts?” were the most common words uttered. Followed by, “Why would anyone do that? I don’t like snakes.”

Well, the decision likely wasn’t based on public perception of rattlesnakes. No, not quite. More important was the reality that the population of a once prevalent New England reptile with a well-defined purpose in the big picture is sliding toward extinction, and wildlife officials charged to prevent such end games, and to save and protect endangered species, are determined to just that. Thus the recent proposal, which would entail capturing enough wild Bay State rattlers to be shipped to the Roger Williams Zoo in Providence, R.I., where they’ll be nurtured to optimal health for breeding and produce some 150 progeny to be released in a couple of years on Rattlesnake Island.

The first email to show up after last week’s column hit the street came from Greenfield native Larry Jubb, who had a tale to tell. The next arrived in rapid fashion from a Greenfield Meadows resident and Wilbraham native, who wanted to share an old childhood song about an unfortunate 18th-century death by rattlesnake bite on Hampden County’s Springfield Mountain.

Let’s start with Jubb, who was eager to talk when reached by phone Tuesday afternoon. Contrary to the column’s suggestion that few if any can recall a Franklin County rattlesnake tale in their lifetime, Jubb had a humdinger. He told the story like it happened yesterday, despite the fact that it occurred more than 50 years ago, in 1961. Yes, he remembers it well … seated for morning coffee at Adams Donuts in Greenfield when a fella from Green Mountain Power Co. drove into the parking lot with a show-and-tell rattlesnake he had killed across the river from Brattleboro, Vt., on Wantastiquet Mt., in West Chestefield, N.H. No, that Indian place name for the rocky mountain clearly visible from Interstate 91 had no rattlesnake context. According to William Bight’s “Native American Place Names of the United States,” the name Wantastiquet probably suggest “lost-river place,” and is also found in the Windsor, Vt., area.

“As I recall, the dead rattler in the back of that pickup truck was two or three feet long,” Jubb said. “That’s the first and last local rattler I’ve ever seen, but I’ve heard of others.”

For instance, he cited the day more than a decade ago when he was patrolling Poplar Mountain Road between Erving and Northfield in his Sheriff’s Triad cruiser up by Rose Ledge and the Hermits’ Caves. Parked side of the road was a maroon vehicle with state insignias on the doors. He stopped to chat with the fella driving and learned that he was doing rattlesnake-habitat research, not far from Northfield’s Rattlesnake Mountain. Not only that, but the man was offering a $500 reward for anyone who could lead him to rattlesnakes. That really stuck in Jubb’s memory.

Later, in basically the same neighborhood, just down the hill along the Millers River in Farley, he asked an elderly lady he remembered only as Mrs. Kersavage if she knew anything about rattlesnakes in the area. Oh yeah, indeed she did. In fact, rattlers were once a popular topic in her hometown, she told him, because as a young girl she used to be terrified of the poisonous vipers when walking daily to and from the old schoolhouse.

“She told me she thought the state brought in blacksnakes to eradicate rattlesnakes,” he said. “I can’t vouch for that. First time I ever heard of such a thing. But that’s what she told me.”

Meanwhile, as for the Greenfield Meadows woman who reached out by email to comment on rattlesnakes, Amy Donovan wanted to share an old Wilbraham ballad “On Springfield Mountain” she learned to sing as a child. An 1989 Minnechaug Regional High School graduate, she sent along the Merrick Family version of the song made famous by none other than Woodie Guthrie. It’s the tale of unfortunate Timothy Merrick, 22, of South Wilbraham (now Hampden). Engaged and soon to be married to sweetheart Sarah Lamb, Merrick died before his wedding day, on Aug. 7, 1761, from a rattlesnake bite sustained while walking through his father’s field. The song was likely taught to local kids post-tragedy, with the hope that they’d always be on the lookout for snakes.

In 1982, when a “Springfield Union” article speculated that Mirrick’s was Massachusetts’ last recorded death by rattlesnake bite, a researcher found it not to be so. Yes, a man named William Meuse found another death by rattlesnake on May 1, 1778, also in Wilbraham. You can bet careful research of dusty old town records across New England would identify other snakebite mortality, and not only by rattlesnakes. Copperheads, another native, poisonous New England snake, were another hazard. In fact, not five years ago a press release out of the Mount Tom State Reservation warned outdoor enthusiasts to be wary of copperheads after a hiker was bitten. Many years earlier, longtime residents will recall a news story about a nest of rattlers found under a ticket booth or scaffolding at Mountain Park, an old amusement park located on the mountain’s eastern slope, overlooking Route 5, Interstate 91 and downtown Holyoke.

Rarely seen, Timber Rattlers are still around if you know where to look. And soon, if the proposed Quabbin program comes to fruition as expected, the North Quabbin Region population will increase. That potential development has been greeted with knee-jerk opposition and hysteria. MassWildlife experts predict no one will know the difference. Outdoor enthusiasts aren’t so sure.

As usual, the reality likely falls somewhere between the public hysteria and MassWildlife’s soothing assurances of safety.

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